Corns and Calluses: Understanding and Treating These Common Foot Issues

Corns and calluses are two of the most common foot conditions that people experience. While they are often lumped together, they are actually different issues that require unique approaches to treatment and prevention. In this article, we will explore what corns and calluses are, their causes, symptoms, and the most effective treatments, including when to see a podiatrist for professional care.

What Are Corns and Calluses?

Corns are small, circular areas of thickened skin that typically develop on the top or sides of the toes, where there is less fatty tissue. They often have a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin, which can be painful when pressed.

Calluses are larger, less defined areas of thickened skin that usually develop on the soles of the feet, especially under the heels or balls of the feet. Unlike corns, calluses are not usually painful but can cause discomfort if they become too thick.

Both conditions are the body's natural response to excessive pressure or friction on the skin, which causes the outer layer of skin to thicken and harden as a protective measure.

Causes of Corns and Calluses

Several factors can contribute to the development of corns and calluses:

- Ill-Fitting Shoes: Shoes that are too tight, too loose, or have high heels can cause excessive pressure or friction on the feet.

- Foot Deformities: Conditions like bunions, hammertoes, or bone spurs can create abnormal pressure points that lead to corns and calluses.

- Repetitive Activities: Activities that involve repeated pressure on the feet, such as running, walking, or standing for long periods, can cause these conditions.

- Lack of Padding: Feet with less natural cushioning due to thinning skin or fat pads are more prone to developing calluses.

- Walking Barefoot: Frequent walking barefoot or in thin-soled shoes can expose the feet to hard surfaces, leading to callus formation.

Symptoms of Corns and Calluses

The symptoms of corns and calluses vary depending on their severity and location:

- Corns:

- Hard, raised, and painful area of thickened skin.

- Tenderness when pressing on the corn.

- Corns are often smaller than calluses and have a defined center.

- Calluses:

- Thick, rough, and dry area of skin.

- Larger and less defined than corns.

- Generally painless but may cause discomfort with prolonged walking or standing.

Treatment Options for Corns and Calluses

Treating corns and calluses involves a combination of self-care measures and professional treatment, depending on the severity of the condition.

Home Remedies

1. Soaking and Moisturizing

- Soaking your feet in warm, soapy water for 10-15 minutes can help soften the thickened skin.

- After soaking, gently rub the corn or callus with a pumice stone to remove dead skin.

- Apply a thick moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated and prevent further thickening.

2. Cushioning and Padding

- Use over-the-counter pads, cushions, or toe separators to reduce pressure on the affected area.

- Choose shoes with cushioned insoles and plenty of room for your toes to move freely.

3. Avoiding Pressure

- Wear well-fitting shoes that do not pinch or rub against the skin.

- Avoid high heels or shoes with narrow toe boxes, which can exacerbate the problem.

Professional Treatment at Bondi Podiatry

For more severe or persistent corns and calluses, professional treatment from a podiatrist is recommended. At Bondi Podiatry, we offer the following services:

1. Debridement

- A podiatrist can safely and effectively remove the thickened skin using a scalpel. This procedure, known as debridement, provides immediate relief from pain and discomfort. It is essential to avoid attempting this at home, as improper techniques can lead to infection or injury.

2. Custom Orthotics

- Custom-made orthotics can help redistribute pressure across the feet, reducing the likelihood of corns and calluses forming. Orthotics are particularly beneficial for those with foot deformities or biomechanical issues.

3. Shoe Recommendations

- We provide expert advice on selecting proper footwear that minimizes friction and pressure on the feet. Our recommendations may include specially designed shoes for those with foot deformities or other conditions that predispose them to corns and calluses.

4. Strong mousturizers

- In some cases, our podiatrists may recommend high powered moisrurisers, such as urea creams, to soften and break down thickened skin.

When to See a Podiatrist

It is essential to consult a podiatrist if you experience any of the following:

- Persistent or severe pain that interferes with daily activities.

- A corn or callus that bleeds, changes color, or shows signs of infection (redness, warmth, swelling, or pus).

- You have diabetes or poor circulation, as these conditions increase the risk of complications from corns and calluses.

Prevention Tips

Preventing corns and calluses involves a combination of proper foot care and wearing the right footwear:

- Choose the Right Shoes: Wear shoes that fit well, have a wide toe box, and provide adequate cushioning.

- Use Protective Pads: Use pads or orthotics to reduce friction and pressure on vulnerable areas of the feet.

- Keep Feet Moisturized: Regularly moisturize your feet to prevent dry, cracked skin that can lead to calluses.

- Trim Toenails Properly: Keep your toenails trimmed to avoid extra pressure on the toes, which can lead to corns.

Conclusion

Corns and calluses may seem like minor issues, but they can significantly impact your comfort and mobility. By taking proactive steps to care for your feet and seeking professional treatment when necessary, you can keep your feet healthy and pain-free. At Bondi Podiatry, our experienced team is dedicated to helping you manage and prevent foot problems like corns and calluses, ensuring you can walk comfortably and confidently. If you are dealing with persistent corns or calluses, contact us today to schedule an appointment and take the first step toward healthier feet.